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The Ezra Klein Show · August 21, 2026 · 01:05:30

The China Shock 2.0

Ezra Klein talks with Brad Setser, a Council on Foreign Relations senior fellow and former trade official, about what Setser calls 'China Shock 2.0.' Where the first China Shock saw China dominate low-end manufacturing, this new wave involves China outcompeting advanced manufacturing — electric vehicles, batteries, solar panels — and is now moving into frontier AI software. Setser argues this poses a serious economic and political threat to countries around the world, and the conversation explores what those countries should do in response.

This summary was generated from show notes and public descriptions, not from a full transcript review. Details may contain inaccuracies.

Preview

China Shock 2.0: Advanced Manufacturing Dominance
Setser argues that after dominating low-end manufacturing in the 2000s, China is now outcompeting the world in advanced manufacturing — EVs, batteries, solar panels — in a destabilizing 'China Shock 2.0' that other countries are only beginning to feel.
China's Move into Frontier AI
China is moving beyond hardware into software and AI, with frontier AI models now competitive with American ones, extending the competitive threat into a new domain.

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