Highly Sensitive Person (Sensory Processing Sensitivity)
Elaine Aron · The Highly Sensitive Person (1996)
Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a temperament trait characterized by deeper processing of sensory information, greater emotional reactivity, and increased sensitivity to environmental stimuli. It is found in about 20% of the population.
Core Concepts
The Problem
Highly sensitive people often feel overwhelmed in busy environments and may be misunderstood as weak or anxious.
The Claim
SPS is an innate, evolutionarily advantageous trait, not a disorder, and recognizing it helps individuals create environments that support their well-being.
Key Evidence
- •Observational studies by Aron and colleagues
- •Functional MRI showing greater activation in brain areas related to empathy and awareness
- •Cross-species evidence (the trait exists in many animals)
Practical Implication
Understanding and accommodating high sensitivity can improve mental health and social functioning.
Nuance & Limits
Sensitivity is not the same as introversion, and not all HSPs are shy.
Source Material
Citation Density
High, with a large body of self-report and neuroscience literature.
Gaps
- ⚠ Need for more longitudinal studies on life outcomes for HSPs
- ⚠ Cultural variation in expression of sensitivity
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