Migraine, cluster headache, and tension headache: symptoms, causes, prevention, and treatment

Brian Grosberg, a leading headache specialist, provides a comprehensive overview of primary headache disorders. He explains how to distinguish between the three major types—migraine, cluster, and tension headaches—which are often misdiagnosed. The discussion covers the strong genetic and hormonal drivers of migraine, its pathophysiology involving neurovascular changes and CGRP, and why the condition disproportionately affects women. Grosberg details a treatment landscape that has been transformed by CGRP-targeted drugs, neuromodulation devices, and the foundational importance of lifestyle modifications, while also addressing the severe unmet need due to a drastic shortage of specialists.