Valuing Time Over Money Predicts Greater Subjective Well-Being
research · Valuing Time Over Money Is Associated With Greater Happiness (Whillans et al., 2016) (2016)
People who prioritize time over money — for example, by working less or paying for time-saving services — consistently report higher happiness and life satisfaction.
Core Concepts
The Problem
Many people prioritize earning money over having free time, expecting money to bring happiness, but this trade-off often backfires.
The Claim
A time-centric orientation leads to greater subjective well-being than a money-centric orientation.
Key Evidence
- •Whillans, A.V., Weidman, A.C., & Dunn, E.W. (2016). Valuing Time Over Money Is Associated With Greater Happiness. Social Psychological and Personality Science.
- •Whillans, A.V., Dunn, E.W., Smeets, P., Bekkers, R., & Norton, M.I. (2017). Buying Time Promotes Happiness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Practical Implication
To maximize happiness, intentionally shift from pursuing more money to pursuing more time, and spend money on time-saving services.
Nuance & Limits
The effect is moderated by wealth; those with very low income may not benefit as much from prioritizing time if basic needs are unmet. Yet even for them, valuing time can indirectly boost happiness.
Source Material
Citation Density
2+ studies, growing
Gaps
- ⚠ Longitudinal causal evidence is still needed; most studies are cross-sectional.
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